Criminal Law
Hamidreza DaneshNari; Mahdieh Maali
Abstract
Religion is a collection of practical and moral beliefs and orders that are set for the guidance and advancement of humans. Due to the fact that adherence to religious teachings leads to the prevention of sin, experts believe that religion has a preventive function in social fields and in forms such ...
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Religion is a collection of practical and moral beliefs and orders that are set for the guidance and advancement of humans. Due to the fact that adherence to religious teachings leads to the prevention of sin, experts believe that religion has a preventive function in social fields and in forms such as crime and deviance. Although the relationship between religion and crime is one of the most challenging issues in criminology, criminological findings have often emphasized the preventive role of religion. However, religious-historical cuts show that in some cases, eclectic interpretations of religion lead to crime. Thus, this research aims to describe, interpret and explain the thoughts of criminals with religious eclecticism by using Fairclough's discourse analysis method. The findings of this research show that eclectic criminals, emphasizing divine duty, ideological traditionalism, holy jihad, and ideological pressure, on the one hand, seek to create Sharia discourse, and on the other hand, reproduce Sharia-based domination relations. However, as a final assessment, it should be said that eclectic criminals commit crimes by misunderstanding religion and misunderstanding religious teachings. Therefore, in these cases, the crime-causing religious ideology is the result of religious epistemological eclecticism, and this cannot negate the positive function of religion in crime prevention.
Nasrin Mehra; Mohammad Yekrangi; Abbas Moazzen
Abstract
Penal policy in the meaning of the combating crimes by means of punishment, like all other policies has some special patterns. This policy has three fields: criminalization, criminal liability and punishment and every field has its own models. Every countries select one model as a primary pattern and ...
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Penal policy in the meaning of the combating crimes by means of punishment, like all other policies has some special patterns. This policy has three fields: criminalization, criminal liability and punishment and every field has its own models. Every countries select one model as a primary pattern and use some other patterns exceptionally. However, the important issue is consistency of policy. There is a strong relationship between selecting the pattern, in one hand, and situation which the provision is enacted, in the other hand. This paper, with the discourse analysis approach will scrutinize the post revolution criminal Acts to find out what was/is the primary model of sentencing in the Iranian criminal law and consider why the sentencing model is changed in the last Criminal law, i.e. Islamic Criminal Law 1392. Finally, it concludes that the most important sentencing model in the first three decades was voluntary sentencing model. Because the prominent approach was Fiqh approach and in the fourth decade the primary sentencing model is shifted to presumptive sentencing model.
