نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 کارشناس ارشد حقوق بین الملل دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

یکی از دستاوردهای مهمِ آخرین دور مذاکرات گات، انعقاد موافقت‌نامه عمومی تجارت خدمات (گاتس) در دور اروگوئه بود. با تولد گاتس و لازم الاجراشدن آن از اول ژانویه 1995، نظام تجارت جهانی که تا پیش از این فقط بر کالاها قابل اِعمال بود، بر تجارت خدمات نیز حاکم شد. گاتس اولین موافقت‌نامه چند‌جانبه در زمینه‌ خدمات است که شامل مجموعه‌ای از تعهدات کلی و خاص است. یکی از این تعهدات خاص، تعهد رفتار ملی است. تعهد رفتار ملی که در ماده 17 گاتس مطمح‌نظر قرار گرفته، مقرر می‌دارد، رفتار متخذه با خدمات و عرضه‌کنندگان خدمات خارجی نباید از رفتار با خدمات و عرضه‌کنندگان خدمات داخلی مشابه نامطلوب‌تر باشد. تعهدات رفتار ملی و دسترسی به بازار ازجمله تعهدات خاص هستند که محدودیت‌‌های بخش‌ها و شیوه‌های عرضه خدمات درمورد آن‌ها، در جدول تعهدات خاص درج می‌شوند؛ این جدول جزء لاینفک گاتس محسوب می‌شود. فارغ از معافیت‌های کلی تعهدات گاتس که در مواد 14 و 14 مکرر به آن‌ها پرداخته شده، تعهد رفتار ملی مشتمل بر معافیت‌های دیگری است که در ضمن این پژوهش به آن‌ها اشاره شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Nature and Scope of the National Treatment obligation under the GATS

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Savari 1
  • Mehriar Rashedi 2

1

2

چکیده [English]

One of the significant achievements of the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was the conclusion of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). With the introduction of the General Agreement on Trade in Services, which entered into force on 1 January 1995, trade in services was added to the world trade order, which had previously been applicable only to goods. This first multilateral agreement in this field sets up several general obligations and a system of so-called specific commitments. One of the specific commitments is National Treatment obligation. The National Treatment obligation which is found in Article XVII of the GATS, provides that imported services or service suppliers are to be treated no less favorably than domestically like services or service suppliers. The national treatment obligation and market access are the specific commitments and scheduled according to the bound sector and modes of supply of services. Specific commitments are recorded in the schedule of specific commitments and constitute an integral part of the GATS. The National Treatment obligation which is found in Article XVII of the GATS, provides that imported services or service suppliers are to be treated no less favorably than domestically like services or service suppliers. Apart from the general exceptions to the obligations under the GATS contained in Articles XIV and XIV bis, the national treatment obligation is subject to a number of other exceptions are scattered across the GATS and will be discussed separately in this study.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • WTO
  • GATS
  • Services
  • Non-Discrimination
  • National Treatment
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