نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد فقه و حقوق جزای اسلامی
2 استادیار و مدیر گروه حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه بیرجند
چکیده
این نوشتار به بررسی تأثیر توبه در حدود از دیدگاه فقه و قانون مجازات اسلامی، می‌پردازد. توبه عبارت است از بازگشت همراه با پشیمانی به سوی خدا و دوری از گناه و عزم بر عدم بازگشت به آن و نیز طلب مغفرت از خداوند و سعی و تلاش بر جبران گذشته. توبه از دیدگاه قرآن و سنت جایگاه بسیار ویژه و مهمی دارد و فرصتی اعطاء شده به مجرم است تا از رفتار خود پشیمان گشته و راه صلاح در پیش گیرد. توبه در کنار آثار اخروی، آثار دنیوی نیز دارد. با توجه به اینکه میزان تأثیر توبه در مجازاتهای دنیوی محل اختلاف فقیهان است، بررسی تأثیر آن بر مجازاتهای حدّی و تعزیری از دیدگاه فقه مقارن و قانون مجازات اسلامی و نیز چگونگی احراز توبه، مطالبی است که این نوشتار به آن پرداخته شده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Repentance and its effect on Hudud: A Comparative study in Islamic Jurisprudence and Islamic Penal Code of 2013
نویسندگان [English]
- Jahandar Amini 1
- Mohammad Ali Taheri 2
1
2
چکیده [English]
Repentance (Tobeh) includes returning with Penitence toward God and avoiding sinning. The penitent should make a resolution not to do sins again. And also the sinner should ask for God's forgiveness and try to compensate for his past. Regarding to Quran and Sunna, repentance has a special and important place. It is an opportunity given to the guilty to repent from his wrongs and to try to right. In addition to the other worldly effects, repentance has mundane effects, too. Since scholars differ about the amount of its effect in mundane punishments, it is necessary to consider its effects in punishments. There are several opinions about the effect of repentance in penalties. Zahariah believe that repentance does not have a role in the lapse of mundane penalties. Because accepting the lapse of punishments by repentance leads up to God's hudud come to a standstill. They believe repentance causing to lapse of unworldly penalties. The religions of Hanafieh, Malekieh and Shafehieh believe that punishment merely renders null the crime of combatant (Mohareb) and doesn't have any effects in other punishments, on condition that the combatant repents before government forces take action because only in proportion of the crime of fighting (together) (Moharebeh) there is a clear text (Nass-e-Sarih). Hanableh, Emameih and Shafehieh in one of the saying rely on Ahadis and in comparison (Qias) with other penalties, believe repentance generally clears Hudud. It seems that this opinion is more correct.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Repentance
- Punishment
- lapse of punishment
- hudud
- what is due to God
- what is due to men
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